托福閱讀語法解析之搞定并列句
今天給大家?guī)淼氖遣⒘薪Y(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)語法點(diǎn),別看它簡單,放到長難句里你不一定能看出來,嘿嘿,且聽我細(xì)細(xì)道來。
※ 要想弄清楚什么是并列結(jié)構(gòu),先要搞定并列句
并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)分句組成的句子。
那么并列連詞都有哪些呢?只有五個(gè)!它們分別是:and,but,or,for,so。
and表達(dá)聯(lián)合關(guān)系,如:
All things are easy to industry and all things are difficult to sloth.
勤奮事事易,懶惰事事難。
but表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,如:
Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
蜂蜜好吃,但蜜蜂蜇人。
or表達(dá)選擇關(guān)系,如:
We must redouble our efforts, or we’ll never be able to catch up with the others.
我們必須加倍努力,否則將再也趕不上別人了。
for和so表達(dá)因果關(guān)系:
We rarely stay in hotels, for we cannot afford it.
我們之所以很少住酒店,是因?yàn)槲覀冐?fù)擔(dān)不起。
She is coming here tomorrow, so you might as well come with her.
她明天要來,你可以和她一起來。
是不是特別簡單呢,有了并列句作為基礎(chǔ),我們就容易理解并列結(jié)構(gòu)了:并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)分句就叫做并列句;若并列連詞連接的是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞或短語或表達(dá)等,就叫做并列結(jié)構(gòu)了。
比如說:
*“詞”的并列
If motorists don’t observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and fined.
如果開車人不遵守交通規(guī)則,他們將被攔下、貼上標(biāo)簽并處以罰款。
*介詞短語的并列
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
讀書足以怡情,足以博采,足以長才。
*名詞短語的并列
The way (we react to other people), the educational training (we receive) and the knowledge (we display) are all part of our culture heritage.
我們對(duì)別人的反應(yīng)方式,我們所接受的教育培訓(xùn)以及我們所展示出的知識(shí)都是我們文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分。
*動(dòng)詞短語的并列
Turbulent waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles.
湍急的水流沖裂堅(jiān)硬的鹽板,使它們斷裂,并且把它們磨碎成卵石狀。
*不定式短語的并列
My approach is not to learn everything about something, but rather to learn something about everything.
我的觀點(diǎn)不是要追求精,而是要追求博。
以上這些例子都很簡單,相信難不倒大家。下面,小編要發(fā)大招啦,拋出一個(gè)長難句,請(qǐng)你來分析一下這句話的并列連詞和并列對(duì)象。
There was the determination of an immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus by still more success and still more rise in a fluid and classless society.
問:找出這句話里的并列對(duì)象攏共分幾個(gè)步驟?
答:第一步:找到并列連接詞
第二步:確定連接詞后的中心表達(dá)
第三步:根據(jù)此中心表達(dá)往前找對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá),即并列對(duì)象。
具體分析如下:
、 這句話有一個(gè)逗號(hào),逗號(hào)后面是and,也就是并列連詞;(第一步)
、 and后面的on the part of his children是介詞短語,不算中心表達(dá),它修飾的是an urge。
③ an urge to throw off the immigrant onus是中心表達(dá),去找前半句中與其對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá): the determination to gain what had been denied to him。都是名詞+不定式的形式。
翻譯:外來的移民有決心在這塊新大陸上取得在舊大陸他們被剝奪的一切;而他們的孩子則渴望在這樣一個(gè)沒有階級(jí)差異的自由社會(huì)取得更大的成功和進(jìn)步,以此方式,來擺脫移民的身份。
下面來看幾個(gè)TPO中的例子吧。
1)The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away. (TPO1-1)
找并列對(duì)象:先找到并列連詞and,然后看and后面的中心表達(dá)是“water that cannot”,往前找對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)“water that can”。
2)Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. (TPO3-2)
找并列對(duì)象:先找到并列連詞or,然后看or后面的中心表達(dá)是“by switching to crops”,往前找對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)“by irrigating”。
3)But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. (TPO1-2)
找并列對(duì)象:先找到并列連詞and,然后看and后面的中心表達(dá)是“may come to be acted out”,往前找對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)“may continue”。
總結(jié):并列結(jié)構(gòu)語法點(diǎn)本身并不復(fù)雜,也比較好理解,但它常常會(huì)使句子變得很長,讓我們望而生畏。很多小伙伴們可能在認(rèn)知上有一個(gè)誤區(qū),覺得很長的句子一定很難,其實(shí)不然,有些句子雖然長但并不難理解,只要你能讀進(jìn)去。
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