學(xué)會(huì)雅思寫作構(gòu)思，從此告別萬年5.5

各位小考鴨在雅思寫作當(dāng)中有沒有遇到過這樣的問題：

寫到一半就卡住，沒法寫出和前文有聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容；

寫著寫著就跑題，觀點(diǎn)和事例與主題不相符；

準(zhǔn)備好的模板，很難套用進(jìn)去；

...

這都是因?yàn)槟愕奈恼聵?gòu)思有問題！今天我們就來講一講，如何進(jìn)行寫作構(gòu)思。

想必大家現(xiàn)在都知道，在寫作開始之前，要認(rèn)真讀題審題。而構(gòu)思就是寫作文的第二個(gè)步驟，放在審題之后。構(gòu)思應(yīng)該包括作文結(jié)構(gòu)、立場觀點(diǎn)、理由、舉例、詞匯等等內(nèi)容。下面我們就詳細(xì)展開。

拿到題目之后，首先要做的就是審題，然后就是根據(jù)審題之后找出的題眼，也就是關(guān)鍵詞來進(jìn)行構(gòu)思。那么關(guān)鍵詞都有哪些呢？

一般審題時(shí)所找出的關(guān)鍵詞有：主題詞general topic、關(guān)鍵詞keywords、題目類型question type。

以一道真題為例：In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for government to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

它的關(guān)鍵詞分別是：health problems；fast food、impose a higher tax；agree or disagree。

找出關(guān)鍵詞后，就要開始思考你的立場和觀點(diǎn)。一般立場的選擇都和觀點(diǎn)相對應(yīng)，但無論如何都要保證全文的立場是統(tǒng)一的。想出main idea之后，還要思考支撐觀點(diǎn)的理由和例子。

然后是確定你的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，一般大作文都建議使用四段式的文章結(jié)構(gòu)：

Introduction：背景，表明立場

Main body1：觀點(diǎn)+理由+舉例

Main body2：觀點(diǎn)+理由+舉例

Conclusion：總結(jié)，重申立場

最 后就是篩選和組織語言，首先選擇那些理由充分、舉例恰當(dāng)?shù)挠^點(diǎn)，把這些觀點(diǎn)有效地組織起來“排兵布陣”。

然后組織語言，找出題目關(guān)鍵信息的同義詞同根詞、想運(yùn)用在寫作中的地道短語搭配和高級句型。接著就可以進(jìn)行寫作啦。

那么在構(gòu)思中如果想不到idea，該怎么辦呢？如何對題目進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴呢？

最簡單的方法就是用提問的方法來尋找idea。說到提問題，自然離不開最經(jīng)典的“5W+H”，即who、what、when、where、why、how，具體可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來看選用哪類問題。

同時(shí)，也可以從不同角度、人物立場來思考。比如說從經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、政治、法律、道德等角度思考；從宏觀和微觀的角度，就可以分為社會(huì)、集體和個(gè)人；如果話題涉及到不同人群，比如學(xué)生和老師、年輕人和老年人，那么就可以從不同人物立場去考慮。

還有一些同學(xué)在寫作時(shí)“文思泉涌”，恨不得把所有的idea都寫進(jìn)文章中，這樣也是不正確的。大多數(shù)這樣的文章都缺乏連貫性，嚴(yán)重的還會(huì)造成跑題。所以我們在考慮觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，要注意篩選，避免離題。

對雅思寫作而言，掌握同義替換表達(dá)，就能幫助你在雅思評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“詞匯豐富度”這一項(xiàng)中大放光彩。

這里小編為大家競選了100個(gè)雅思寫作中高頻用到的詞匯及替換表達(dá)，建議各位同學(xué)先收藏好，每天積累一兩個(gè)同義替換，等到后面你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的詞匯儲(chǔ)備量上升一個(gè)等級！

話不多說，趕緊來學(xué)習(xí)吧~

1. 持某觀點(diǎn)：claim

contend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that 

2.支持某觀點(diǎn): advocate

maintain, vote for, side with, be in favor of 

3.反對某觀點(diǎn): contradict

criticize, be against, cast doubts on

4.合理的：justified

sensible, convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical, wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate,  bear much analysis

5.好處：advantage

benefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros

6.弊端：disadvantagedefect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, cons

7.肯定：undoubtedlyindeed, undeniably, there is no denying that

8.不確定：be likely topotentially，presumably

9.重要的：essentialsignificant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable

10.有益的：beneficialconducive, instrumental

11.有害的：detrimentalharmful, virulent

12.有爭議的：controversialdisputable, contentious

13.普遍的：widespreadprevalent, universal

14.顯著地：considerablysignificantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially

15.明顯的：evidentapparent, manifest

16.增強(qiáng)：enhancestrengthen, boost

17.減少：declinedescend, collapse, relieve

18.大約：approximatelynearly, around, estimated,roughly

19.趨勢：trendtendency, inclination

20.預(yù)見：predictexpect, project

21.帶來：bring aboutresult in, lead to

22.產(chǎn)生，引起：createspark, yield, give rise to

23.建立：establishfound, institute

24.要求：call forrequest, demand

25.去除：eliminateremove, eradicate

26.探討：exploreexamine, identify 27.表明，描繪：indicatedepict, portray, illustrate

28.滿足…需求：meet the need ofsatisfy the requirement of, cater for the demand of

29.足夠：adequateenough, sufficient

30.解決：tackleresolve, address

31.意識(shí)：awarenessconsciousness

32.控制：curbregulate, censor

33.解釋：account forbe responsible for, be attributed to

34.投資：financeinvest in,  subsidize

35.緩解：relieveease, alleviate

36.壓力：stresspressure, strain

37.遵循：observefollow, conform to

38.繼承：inherithand down, carry forward

39.培養(yǎng)：cultivatetrain, foster

40.促進(jìn)：promotecontribute to, upgrade

41.適應(yīng)：adapt toadjust to, acclimate to

42.提供：providerender, afford

43.替代：replacesubstitute, take the place of

44.保護(hù)：preserveprotect, safeguard

45.證據(jù)：evidenceproof

46.贏得：gainacquire, attain

47.國外的：foreignalien, exotic

48.重視：attach importance toemphasis, highlight

49.發(fā)展：advancedevelopment, progress

50.傾向于：tend tobe inclined to, be apt to 

51. 吸引：attractallure, tempt

52. 專注的：be absorbed inbe immersed in, devote oneself to

53. 目的是：aim atThe purpose is

54. 實(shí)現(xiàn)：achievefulfill, implement

55. 危害：endangerthreaten; jeopardize

56. 損害：undermineimpair, damage

57. 阻礙：hinderobstruct, impede

58. 禁止：forbidban, prohibit

59. 責(zé)備：blamedenounce, criticize

60. 污染：pollutecontaminate, stain

61. 腐蝕：erodewear away, corrode

62. 欺騙：deceivecheat, defraud

63. 沖突：conflictshock, tension

64. 驅(qū)使：promptspur, incite

65. 貪婪的：acquisitivemoney-oriented, materialistic

66. 自私的：self-centeredselfish, inconsiderate

67.體諒的：considerateunderstanding, sympathetic

68.冷漠的：indifferentapathetic, aloof

69.奢 侈的：wastefulluxurious, extravagant

70.殘忍的：inhumanebrutal, barbaric

71.絕望的：hopelessdespairing, desperate

72.過分的：excessiveextravagant, exorbitant

73.激烈的：intensefierce, vigorous

74.嚴(yán)厲的：stringentrigorous, rigid

75.與…相關(guān)：be related tobe associated with, be linked to

76.難以置信的：unbelievableincredulous, virtual

77.驚人的：extraordinarymarvelous, spectacular

78.有抱負(fù)的：ambitiousaggressive, aspirant

79.固有的：inherentnature, innate

80.穩(wěn)定的：steadystable, constant

81.惡化：worsenaggravate, deteriorate

82.夸大：exaggerateoverstate

83.限制：restrainconstrain, confine

84.拆除：tear downknock down, pull down

85.加速：acceleratespeed up, precipitate

86.占優(yōu)勢：predominatedominate

87.分辨：distinguishdifferentiate, discern

88.抵消：counteractoffset, cancel out

89.開展：launchconduct, carry out

90.承擔(dān)：assumeshoulder, accept

91.頒布, 制定：enactenforce, promulgate, map out

92.影響：influenceimpact, pervade

93.差異：differencedistinction, gap

94.交流：communicateexchange, associate

95.接觸：have access tomake contact with, keep in touch with

96.優(yōu)先：give priority toput…into first place

97.節(jié)約：economizeconserve, cherish

98.面臨：be faced withbe confronted with

99.措施：measurestep, action

100.注意：bewareprevent, guard against

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