托福閱讀修辭目的題的解題技巧

關(guān)鍵字托福閱讀托福閱讀修辭目的題托福閱讀技巧托福備考

2020-07-14 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：手機(jī)閱讀

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作為托福閱讀必考題型之一的修辭目的題是童鞋們在掌握事實(shí)信息題和否定事實(shí)信息題后進(jìn)一步提分必須突破的一種重要題型。不少童鞋做這種題的時(shí)候總會不自覺在心里吐槽：我哪知道作者是怎么想的呀？我又不是作者肚里的蛔蟲！其實(shí)只要方法對，不是“作者肚里的蛔蟲”也能做對題。

作為托福閱讀必考題型之一的修辭目的題是童鞋們在掌握事實(shí)信息題和否定事實(shí)信息題后進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)必須突破的一種重要題型。不少童鞋做這種題的時(shí)候總會不自覺在心里吐槽：我哪知道作者是怎么想的呀？我又不是作者肚里的蛔蟲！其實(shí)只要方法對，不是“作者肚里的蛔蟲”也能做對題。>>對托福閱讀有疑問？點(diǎn)擊咨詢

首先我們來看看修辭目的題的典型問法：

Whydoes the author mention/discuss …?

Theauthor mentions/discusses … in order to ______.

Theauthor uses … as an example of_____.

Whatis the purpose of paragraph X?

Whichof the following best describes the relationship between paragraph 2and paragraph 3?

這種題的問法主要有三類，分別是：問作者在某段中提到某個(gè)detail的目的是什么；作者寫某段話有什么目的；某幾個(gè)段落間有什么聯(lián)系。不管是哪種問法，歸根結(jié)底都是問作者的寫作意圖。那么童鞋們究竟要如何做這類題目呢?

首先我們要知道托福文章結(jié)構(gòu)有一個(gè)規(guī)律：claim(觀點(diǎn))+detail(s)，也就是說作者會給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，然后用一個(gè)或者若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或者例子來支撐（或反駁）前面提出的觀點(diǎn)。這個(gè)規(guī)律不單對整篇文章的文章結(jié)構(gòu)適用，同時(shí)也符合大多數(shù)段落的段落結(jié)構(gòu)。而修辭目的題就是問作者為什么要提到某個(gè)detail，正確答案一定是圍繞claim來做文章的。我們一起來看一道例題，看看是不是這樣。

題目

In paragraph 1, the experiment on the fungus Neurospora is mentionedto illustrate

A.the existence of weekly periods of activity as well as daily ones

B.the finding of evidence that organisms have internal clocks

C.the effect of space on the internal clocks of organisms

D.the isolation of one part of an organism's cycle for study

原文

Survival and successful reproduction usually require the activitiesof animals to be coordinated with predictable events around them.Consequently, the timing and rhythms of biological functions mustclosely match periodic events like the solar day, the tides, thelunar cycle, and the seasons. ........... Almost universally,biologists accept the idea that all eukaryotes (a category thatincludes most organisms except bacteria and certain algae) haveinternal clocks. By isolating organisms completely from externalperiodic cues, biologists learned that organisms have internalclocks. For instance, apparently normal daily periods of biologicalactivity were maintained for about a week bythefungus Neurospora when itwas intentionally isolated from all geophysical timing cues whileorbiting in a space shuttle. The continuation of biological rhythmsin an organism without external cues attests to its having aninternal clock.

解析

題干問的“thefungusNeurospora”出現(xiàn)在本段倒數(shù)第二句，這類題通常會把題干中問的detail在文章中highlight出來，定位比較容易。我們定位到的“Forinstance, apparently normal daily periods of biological activity weremaintained for about a week by thefungus Neurospora when itwas intentionally isolated from all geophysical timing cues whileorbiting in a space shuttle.”這句話中不知道大家有沒有注意到開頭的“forinstance”，意思是“例如”，也就是說定位句整句話其實(shí)就是一個(gè)例子（detail）的具體內(nèi)容，那么根據(jù)我們前面說的段落結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律我們往前找找claim，也就是這個(gè)例子的服務(wù)對象，前一句是“Byisolating organisms completely from external periodic cues,biologists learned that organisms have internalclocks.”這句話的重點(diǎn)在于learnedthat后面的部分，即：organismshave internal clocks. 眼尖的童鞋馬上就發(fā)現(xiàn)了B選項(xiàng)（thefinding of evidence that organisms have internalclocks）說的不也就是生物有生物鐘的事嘛�，F(xiàn)在大家知道了吧，我們只要能找到題目問的detail論證或反駁的claim，這種題也就迎刃而解了！正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

然而有時(shí)候，作者會用不止一個(gè)detail來支撐最前面的claim，比如：Claim+detail 1 + detail 2 + detail 3，這時(shí)，如果考官把detail3挑出來問你作者寫它的目的是什么，顯然答案就不是為了支持緊挨著它的前面那句話了，而應(yīng)該是最前面的那個(gè)claim。對此，我們總結(jié)出了一個(gè)高效的做題步驟，幫助大家高效地找到這個(gè)claim：

做題步驟

1、找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞

2、用關(guān)鍵詞定位原文（有highlight可以直接定位到highlight的位置）

3、按照detail所在的句子—該句前面1~2句—該句所在段落第一句的順序找到claim。

4、根據(jù)找到的claim找到對應(yīng)的正確選項(xiàng)

我們試著用這個(gè)步驟來解決下面這題：

題目

Why does the author discuss the Great Lakes in paragraph 5?

A、Todemonstrate the extent to which residence times vary from lake tolake

B、Toillustrate how residence times are calculated for specific lakes

C、Toargue that the residence time of a lake increases with area

D、Toemphasize that Lake Tahoe' s residence time is unusually long

原文

Residence times vary enormously. They range from a few days for smalllakes up to several hundred years for large ones; Lake Tahoe, inCalifornia, has a residence time of 700 years. The residence timesfor the Great Lakes of North America,namely, Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, are,respectively, 190,100,22,2.5, and 6 years. Lake Erie’s is thelowest: although its area is larger than Lake Ontario’s, its volumeis less than one-third as great because it is so shallow-less than 20meters on average.

解析

首先找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞theGreat Lakes，定位到該段第三句；

接著看第三句，發(fā)現(xiàn)第三句是具體說五大湖的residencetime,沒有概括性的claim，于是往前看一句，發(fā)現(xiàn)第二句說的是residencetime的時(shí)間長度有好幾種，也是detail，最后看到段落第一句說residencetime 有很大的不同，聯(lián)系后面幾個(gè)details，是不是有種煥然大悟的感覺呀？沒錯(cuò)第二句和第三句都是具體的details用來論證該段第一句，這時(shí)我們再看看選項(xiàng)，馬上我們就找到了第一句的同義替換A選項(xiàng)！你做對了嗎？

以上就是托福閱讀修辭目的題的解題技巧，掌握了這一題型的解題技巧，相信你在考試當(dāng)中遇到這類題型就可以輕松應(yīng)對了。我們下次再會！