托福聽力TPO14L1解析

 這篇文章為心理學(xué)文章，首先我們可以熟悉一下心理學(xué)文章的背景。

這類文章通常是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證某個(gè)假猜，某個(gè)理論。目前心理學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)壳爸会槍?duì)人或動(dòng)物，通常討論人或動(dòng)物是否具有某個(gè)心理過程，可能會(huì)設(shè)置一些實(shí)驗(yàn)來會(huì)設(shè)定一些情境來進(jìn)行記錄。

文章可能會(huì)涉及到以下這些話題

1cognition：研究動(dòng)物或人的認(rèn)知

文章先會(huì)提出一種現(xiàn)象，然后分析這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。一般情況下通過舉例子等方法進(jìn)行分析

2感覺：日常生活中的視覺，聽覺，味覺及對(duì)于數(shù)字，顏色等的辨識(shí)能力

3 Behavior psychology-行為心理學(xué)：以客觀的方法研究人類的行為，從而預(yù)測(cè)或者控制有機(jī)體的行為。行為的本質(zhì)是人和動(dòng)物對(duì)外界環(huán)境的適應(yīng)。

在聽力中我們需要注意為了驗(yàn)證主題的真實(shí)性，科學(xué)家們會(huì)用動(dòng)物或者人進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，最重要的是聽懂每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論

現(xiàn)在我們來看題

1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The differences between imagination and perception

B. Cognitive functions that improve decision making

C. Cognitive functions that assist in problem solving

D. Common limitations with regard to several cognitive functions

原文部分：And then there are memory and imagination, which relate to the knowledge of things that happened in the past or may happen in the future. So, perceiving, remembering, imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing. Yet each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken beliefs or make false predictions.

分析：教授先提及了之前學(xué)習(xí)的術(shù)語(yǔ)，我們的重點(diǎn)在這次的課堂的內(nèi)容，老師之后說到了memory and imagination，并總結(jié)到each of these processes has limitations，之后全文都在介紹這方面的內(nèi)容。和我們D選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞一致。

答案：D

2.Why does the professor mention a study with a word list?

A. To illustrate a type of mistake that people make when recalling details

B. To offer an example of a well-designed study in cognitive psychology

C. To demonstrate the limited effect imagination has on memory

D. To prove that imagination leads to poor decision making

原文部分：Take memory, for example. Maybe you've heard of studies in which people hear a list of related words—um, let's say a list of different kinds of fruit. After hearing this list, they're presented with several additional words. In this case, we'll say the additional words were “blanket” and “cherry,” Neither of these words was on the original list. And while people will claim correctly that “blanket” was not on the original list, they'll also claim, incorrectly, that the word “cherry” was on the list.

Most people are convinced they heard the word “cherry” on the original list. Why do they make such a simple mistake? Well, we think because the words on the list were so closely related, the brain stored only the gist of what it heard, for example, that all the items on the list were types of fruit. When we tap our memory, our brains often fill in details, and quite often these details are actually false.

分析：聽例子一定要注意例子說明了什么道理，這部分例證了老師之前說的人們可能會(huì)作出錯(cuò)誤的判斷，和選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)

答案：A

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